Pens, Algebra & Tagines: MENA Inventions That Still Shape Our World
Some of the things we use every day—whether in the kitchen, at work, or even in how our cities function—have roots that go back thousands of years.
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region was home to some of the most brilliant minds, creating tools and techniques that still shape the modern world. From the way we write to how we cook, here are ancient MENA inventions that have truly stood the test of time.
1. Pens and Ink: Ancient Egypt’s Writing Revolution
Imagine a world without pens, no handwritten notes, no signatures, no scribbling down last-minute grocery lists. The ancient Egyptians made sure that never happened.
They were among the first to develop ink by mixing soot with natural binders like beeswax and plant gums. Paired with reed pens, their writing system flourished on papyrus scrolls, documenting everything from trade deals to the afterlife.
Without their early innovations, we wouldn’t have the pens, markers, or even printers we take for granted today.
2. Algebra: Ancient Iraq Shaped Modern Math
Love it or hate it, algebra is everywhere—powering the tech behind your phone, helping architects design buildings, and even making sense of financial markets. But did you know its foundations were laid in 9th-century Iraq?
Mathematician Al-Khwarizmi wrote a book that introduced systematic ways to solve equations, coining the term “al-jabr,” which later became “algebra.” His work still influences how we use math today, proving that some ancient ideas never go out of style.
3. Qanat Irrigation: Ancient Iran’s Water System That Still Works
Water is life, especially in dry regions. Long before modern pumps and pipelines, ancient Iranians came up with the qanat system—underground tunnels that carried water from mountains to towns and farms.
These systems didn’t just help civilizations survive; they also influenced irrigation methods still used in parts of North Africa and the Middle East today. If you’ve ever wondered how ancient cities managed to thrive in harsh climates, qanats were a big part of the answer.
4. Tagine: North Africa’s Ancient Berber Slow Cooker
The slow cooker of the ancient world, the tagine has been a staple in North African kitchens for centuries. The Berbers of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia perfected this earthenware pot, designed to trap moisture and cook food slowly over a fire.
This resulted in rich, flavorful stews that modern chefs still rave about. Even today’s slow cookers and Dutch ovens owe a little something to this ingenious invention.
5. Tadelakt: Ancient Morocco’s Waterproof Plaster
Morocco’s ancient builders had a way of making walls that weren’t just strong but also beautiful and waterproof. Tadelakt plaster, made from lime and polished with olive soap, created seamless, moisture-resistant surfaces perfect for hammams, palaces, and riads.
This technique is still used today, not just in Moroccan homes but in modern interior design worldwide. It’s proof that sustainable, natural materials never go out of style.
History Isn’t Just the Past—It’s Still All Around Us
From writing tools to math equations and water systems to kitchenware, these ancient MENA inventions continue to shape our everyday lives. They weren’t just brilliant for their time—they were built to last. Next time you pick up a pen, cook in a tagine, or marvel at modern irrigation, remember that history is still very much alive in the present!
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